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- <text id=93HT1311>
- <link 93XP0453>
- <link 93XP0200>
- <title>
- King: Letter From A Birmingham Jail
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--King Portrait
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- January 3, 1964
- Man of the Year
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Letter From A Birmingham Jail
- </p>
- <p> [While Martin Luther King Jr. was in Birmingham's city jail
- last April, a group of white clergymen wrote a public statement
- criticizing him for "unwise and untimely" demonstrations. King
- wrote a reply--on pieces of toilet paper, the margins of
- newspapers, and anything else he could get his hands on--and
- smuggled it out to an aide in bits and pieces. Although in the
- tumble of events then and since, it never got the notice it
- deserved, it may yet live as a classic expression of the Negro
- revolution of 1963. Excerpts from the letter, which was addressed
- to "My Dear Fellow Clergymen":]
- </p>
- <p> We have waited for more than 340 years for our
- constitutional and God-given rights. The nations of Asia and
- Africa are moving with jetlike speed toward the goal of political
- independence, and we still creep at horse-and-buggy pace toward
- the gaining of a cup of coffee at a lunch counter. I guess it is
- easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of
- segregation to say "wait."
- </p>
- <p> But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and
- fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when
- you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize and
- even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you suddenly find
- your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to
- explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can't go to the
- public amusement park that has just been advertised on
- television, and see tears welling up in her little eyes when she
- is told that "Funtown" is closed to colored children, and see the
- depressing clouds of inferiority begin to form in her little
- mental sky, and see her begin to distort her little personality
- by unconsciously developing a bitterness toward white people;
- when you are humiliated day in and day out by nagging signs
- reading "white" and "colored," when your first name becomes
- "nigger" and your middle name becomes "boy" (however old you are)
- and your last name becomes "John," and when your wife and mother
- are never given the respected title "Mrs."; when you are harried
- by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro,
- living constantly at tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to
- expect next, and plagued with inner fears and outer resentments;
- when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of
- "nobodyness"--then you will understand why we find it difficult
- to wait.
- </p>
- <p> In your statement you asserted that our actions, even though
- peaceful, must be condemned because they precipitate violence.
- Isn't this like condemning the robbed man because his possession
- of money precipitated the evil act of robbery? Isn't this like
- condemning Socrates because his unswerving commitment to truth
- and his philosophical delvings precipitated the misguided popular
- mind to make him drink the hemlock? Isn't this like condemning
- Jesus because his unique God-consciousness and never-ceasing
- devotion to God's will precipitated the evil act of the
- Crucifixion?
- </p>
- <p> The question is not whether we will be extremist but what
- kind of extremist will we be. Will we be extremists for hate or
- will we be extremists for love? Will we be extremists for the
- preservation of injustice--or will we be extremists for the
- cause of justice? In that dramatic scene on Calvary's hill, three
- men were crucified for the same crime--the crime of extremism.
- Two were extremists for immorality, and thus fell below their
- environment. The other, Jesus Christ, was an extremist for love,
- truth and goodness, and thereby rose above his environment. So,
- after all, maybe the South, the nation and the world are in dire
- need of creative extremists.
- </p>
- <p> Before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, we were here. Before
- the pen of Jefferson etched across the pages of history the
- majestic words of the Declaration of Independence, we were here.
- For more than two centuries, our foreparents labored in this
- country without wages; they made cotton "king," and they built
- the homes of their masters in the midst of brutal injustice and
- shameful humiliation--and yet out of a bottomless vitality,
- they continued to thrive and develop. If the inexpressible
- cruelties of slavery could not stop us, the opposition we now
- face will surely fail. We will win our freedom because the sacred
- heritage of our nation and the eternal will of God are embodied
- in our echoing demands.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-